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TYPICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE OF A CONSTANT
VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY
PARD (RIPPLE AND NOISE)
The term PARD is an acronym for "Periodic and Random deviation" and replaces the former term ripple and
noise. PARD is the residual ac component that is superimposed on the dc output voltage or current of a power
supply. It is measured over a specified bandwidth, with all influence and control quantities maintained constant.
PARD is specified in rms and/or peak-to-peak values over a bandwidth of 20Hz to 20MHz. Fluctuations below
20Hz are treated as drift. Attempting to measure PARD with an instrument that has insufficient bandwidth may
conceal high frequency spikes that could be detrimental to a load.
DC OUTPUT OF POWER SUPPLY AND
SUPERIMPOSED PARD COMPONENT